The Kyoto Protocol recognized that developed countries are principally responsible for the current high levels of GHG emissions in the atmosphere as a result of more than years of industrial activity. As such, the protocol placed a heavier burden on developed nations than less-developed nations.
Developing nations were asked to comply voluntarily, and more than developing countries, including China and India, were exempted from the Kyoto agreement altogether.
The protocol separated countries into two groups: Annex I contained developed nations, and Non-Annex I referred to developing countries. The protocol placed emission limitations on Annex I countries only.
Non-Annex I nations participated by investing in projects designed to lower emissions in their countries. For these projects, developing countries earned carbon credits , which they could trade or sell to developed countries, allowing the developed nations a higher level of maximum carbon emissions for that period.
In effect, this function helped the developed countries to continue emitting GHG vigorously. The United States, which had ratified the original Kyoto agreement, dropped out of the protocol in The U. Global emissions were still on the rise by , the year the Kyoto Protocol became international law—even though it was adopted in Things seemed to go well for many countries, including those in the EU.
They planned to meet or exceed their targets under the agreement by But others continued to fall short. The United States and China—two of the world's biggest emitters—produced enough greenhouse gases to mitigate any of the progress made by nations who met their targets. In December , after the first commitment period of the Protocol ended, parties to the Kyoto Protocol met in Doha, Qatar, to adopt an amendment to the original Kyoto agreement.
This so-called Doha Amendment added new emission-reduction targets for the second commitment period, —, for participating countries. The Doha Amendment had a short life.
The Paris Climate Agreement is a landmark environmental pact that was adopted by nearly every nation in to address climate change and its negative effects. The agreement includes commitments from all major GHG-emitting countries to cut their climate-altering pollution and to strengthen those commitments over time. A major directive of the deal calls for reducing global GHG emissions so as to limit the earth's temperature increase in this century to 2 degrees Celsius above preindustrial levels while taking steps to limit the increase to 1.
In , then-President Trump announced that the U. But the former president didn't begin the formal withdrawal process until Nov. On January 20, , his first day in office, President Biden began the process of rejoining the Paris Climate Agreement, which officially took effect on Feb. Draw the attention of decision makers and the media to the essential role of public engagement with science and technology by setting up high-profile global activities.
Take the lead in developing the best methods for engaging learners and optimizing their education in both formal and informal settings using appropriate technologies in widely varying contexts. Engage the public more directly with research, using this engagement to help empower people, broaden attitudes and ensure that the work of universities and research institutions is relevant to society and to wider social concerns on a global scale. Work together in a creative celebration of the International Science Centre Year , encouraging people throughout the world to take part in shared experiences relating to science and technology and society.
The eyes of the world are on the Olympics, with more pressure on athletes and officials alike. It is a pinnacle for athletes, with high stakes and motivation to use every means available to obtain the best result possible. For officials to be entrusted by World Sailing to officiate at the highest level of the sport is a great honor, which comes with a high burden to deliver quality service to the athletes.
Questions and rules situations are more complex, with high-stake outcomes. Instant communication of decisions leads to immediate criticism if anything goes wrong, which is to be avoided.
For race officials, it is a unique opportunity to work with some of the best officials in the world. And from the issues arising, often ideas emerge to make the rules better, to advance the sport. What initially pushed you to become a judge? As a racing sailor, I wanted to become more proficient with the rules, to become a better competitor.
Sitting on protest committees at my club led me to study the rules and the cases, and to engage in rule discussions with senior judges. I enjoyed those sessions much more than partying at the bar. As I gained a deeper understanding of the complexities of the rules, I became more interested in focusing on judging. For those who would like to be a judge at the Olympic Games in the future, explain how they can achieve this? The same advice applies for all disciplines of race officials: commit to being a student of that discipline.
Then aspire to do the best job you can, rather than to judge at the highest level. You will be noticed for your competence, and get invited to judge at a range of events. Sail Canada offers training in all disciplines of race officials from entry level.
Experience with Olympic classes is essential, so many race officials look to establish working relationships with an Olympic class. More recently, the IOC and World Sailing have set goals for gender equality in officiating, providing good opportunities for women. However, the level of competence required is not different.
The closure of coal plants was originally driven by the air pollution benefits, but once they were finally phased out, Ontario was happy to lay claim about the greenhouse gas GHG emissions reductions. China and its various issues with air pollution provide a similar driver for the country to get away from coal and that will surely have significant GHG emissions benefits.
It is imperative that the government invests in public engagement about climate change. Currently GHG emissions in Canada are growing, requiring larger reductions to reach our emission reductions goals.
Read it here. Tweets by AlternativesJ. Canada and Kyoto Protocol Canada signed the Kyoto Protocol in , but developments were not made to ratify the agreement until Lessons from Kyoto Canada is in dire need to rebuild our previous international credibility.
Continue to build a robust public understanding of the overall climate issues.
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